📜 LTB 送达方式完全指南📜 LTB Service Methods Guide
法律依据 · 判例分析 · 场景应对 · 实操建议
Legal basis · Case law · Scenarios · Best practices
⚖️ 法律依据Legal Basis
Residential Tenancies Act, 2006 — Section 191RTA Section 191
191(1) 有效送达方式191(1) Valid Service Methods
(a) by handing it to the person;
(b) if the person is a landlord, by handing it to an employee of the landlord;
(c) if the person is a tenant, by handing it to an apparently adult person in the unit;
(d) by sending it by mail;
(e) by leaving it in the mail box where mail is ordinarily delivered;
(f) by leaving it with a person in the building who appears to be responsible for receiving mail;
(g) by fax;
(h) by any other method authorized by the LTB Rules.
191(2) 补救条款191(2) Cure Provision
如果未按上述方式送达，只要能证明文件内容在实际中确实在要求时间内到达了收件人，仍视为有效送达。A notice or document that is not given in accordance with this section shall be deemed to have been validly given if it is proven that its contents actually came to the attention of the person for whom it was intended within the required time period.
191(3) 邮寄送达"视为收到"191(3) Deemed Receipt — Mail
通过邮寄发送的通知或文件，视为在邮寄后第 5 天送达。A notice or document given by mail shall be deemed to have been given on the fifth day after mailing.
LTB Rules of Procedure — Rule 3LTB Rule 3
Rule 3.1
In addition to methods of service identified in the RTA a document may be served on a person or party by:
...
e. regular or registered mail using the address for service provided by the party;
f. courier;
g. email (if the party has consented in writing or the LTB permits it).
Rule 3.9 — 送达生效日
a. mail (regular or registered) — fifth day after mailing
b. courier — day after given to courier (or next business day if holiday)
c. email — day sent
d. hand delivery — day given to the person
📄 LTB Rules of Procedure 全文Full LTB Rules of Procedure →
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📄 LTB 送达指南 BrochureLTB Service Brochure →
📋 送达方式对比Service Methods Comparison
| 方式Method |
视为送达天数Deemed Receipt |
有追踪？Tracking? |
证据力度Evidence Strength |
风险Risk |
| 当面送达Hand Delivery |
当天Same day |
— |
✅ 最强 |
最低Lowest |
| 快递 CourierCourier |
次日Next day |
✅ |
✅ 强 |
低Low |
| 挂号信 Registered MailRegistered Mail |
第 5 天Day 5 |
✅ |
⚠️ 中 |
中（可能退件）Medium (may be returned) |
| 平信 Regular MailRegular Mail |
第 5 天Day 5 |
❌ |
⚠️ 中 |
中（无追踪）Medium (no tracking) |
| 电邮 EmailEmail |
发送日Day sent |
— |
⚠️ 受限 |
高（需书面同意）High (consent required) |
⚡ 判例分析Case Law
TSL-75946-16 (Re), 2016 CanLII 71242 (ON LTB) ✅ 送达有效
事实：Facts:
房东通过注册代理人用 Registered Mail 将 N12 寄给租客。加拿大邮局留了取件卡（delivery notice card），租客出城未及时取件，一周后才取。租客抗辩称"未收到通知"。
The landlord served the N12 via registered mail through his agent. Canada Post left a delivery notice card. The tenant was out of town and only picked up the document a week later. The tenant argued she never received proper notice.
LTB 裁定：Ruling:
"I do not find that the Tenants' delay in retrieving a document from the post office would invalidate the service of the Form N12. The Landlord complied with the rules regarding service of the Form N12. Moreover, the other Tenant was not out of town and she could have attended to pick up the document from Canada Post."
结论：Holding:
加拿大邮局留下取件卡后，租客有机会取件但未及时取，不影响送达有效性。Registered Mail + 取件卡 = 有效送达 ✅
Where Canada Post left a delivery notice card and the tenant had an opportunity to retrieve the document but delayed, service remains valid. Registered Mail with notice card = valid service ✅
🔗 2016 CanLII 71242
| 此法条引用参见 Riverview Legal — Service of Documents (LTB)See Riverview Legal — Service of Documents (LTB)
TEL-23178 (Re), 2009 CanLII 51176 (ON LTB) ❌ 送达无效
事实：Facts:
房东用 Registered Mail 将 N4 通知和 L1 申请、听证通知一起寄给租客。N4 被退回（unclaimed），L1 和听证通知截至听证日也未被签收。
The landlord served the N4, L1 application, and Notice of Hearing by registered mail. The N4 was returned as unclaimed. The L1 and Notice of Hearing had not been signed for as of the hearing date.
LTB 裁定：Ruling:
"The Tenant was not served... in a manner approved by the Board. In fact the Tenant has never received a copy... As per s.191(2), the Board can accept alternative service if it can be proven that the documents came to the attention of the intended party. In this matter the Notice of Termination could not have come to the attention of the Tenant as it was returned to the Landlord."
结论：Holding:
Registered Mail 被退件（unclaimed/returned to sender），租客从未实际收到文件，送达无效 ❌。退件后必须换方式补送。
Where registered mail is returned as unclaimed and the tenant never actually received the documents, service is invalid ❌. Must re-serve using a different method.
🔗 2009 CanLII 51176
🤔 常见场景分析Common Scenarios
✅ Registered Mail 寄出，租客签收了Tenant signed for registered mail
有效。 第 5 天 deemed served。Canada Post 签名记录是最强证据。
Valid. Deemed served Day 5. Canada Post signature is strong evidence.
✅ Registered Mail 留了取件卡，租客没去取Notice card left, tenant didn't pick up
有效。 TSL-75946-16 明确支持。租客有机会但不去取，不影响送达。
Valid. Per TSL-75946-16. Opportunity to retrieve but failure to do so does not invalidate service.
❌ Registered Mail 被退件（unclaimed）Mail returned as unclaimed
无效。 TEL-23178。文件从未到达租客手中。必须换方式补送（Courier 或当面送达）。
Invalid. TEL-23178. Document never came to tenant's attention. Must re-serve via courier or hand delivery.
⚠️ 租客说"我没看到信箱"Tenant claims they didn't check mail
有效。 RTA s.191(3) deemed receipt 原则覆盖。租客有责任查收信件。
Valid. Deemed receipt rule (s.191(3)) applies. Tenants have a duty to collect their mail.
⚠️ 普通邮件无追踪，租客否认收到Regular mail, tenant denies receipt
风险较高。 你无法证明寄出。建议至少用 Registered Mail 或 Courier 以确保 tracking。
Risky. No proof of sending. Use registered mail or courier for tracking.
✅ 当面送达（有 Affidavit of Service）Hand delivery with affidavit
最强的最有效方式。 当天生效，Affidavit of Service 是 LTB 最认可的证据。
Strongest. Same-day effect. Affidavit of Service is the most recognized evidence at LTB.
💡 实操建议Recommendations
首选策略（性价比最高）Best Value Strategy
- 先用 Registered Mail（$18）— 有 tracking + 签名，绝大多数情况有效Start with Registered Mail ($18) — tracking + signature, valid in most cases
- Canada Post tracking 显示 delivered 或 notice card left → 送达完成Canada Post shows delivered or notice card left → service complete
- 如果 退件（returned to sender） → 立刻用 Courier（$25）补送If returned to sender → re-serve via Courier ($25)
最强保障（高价值案件推荐）Maximum Protection (High-Value Cases)
- 当面送达 + Affidavit of Service（$35）— LTB 听证会上直接出庭作证Hand delivery + Affidavit of Service ($35) — witness can testify at LTB hearing
- 适用于：N12 自用、N13 拆除等争议大的案件Best for: N12, N13, and other high-dispute cases
必须做的文书工作Required Paperwork
- Certificate of Service — 每次送达都必须填写，LTB 要求提交Certificate of Service — required for every LTB filing
- 保留 tracking 记录 — Canada Post 签收截图、Courier 送达证明Save tracking records — Canada Post delivery confirmation, courier proof
- 不要贴门上 — LTB 不认"posting on the door"作为 termination notice 的送达方式Do NOT tape to door — LTB does not recognize this as valid service for termination notices
📚 参考文献References
- Residential Tenancies Act, 2006, S.O. 2006, c. 17, s. 191. ontario.ca/laws/statute/06r17
- LTB Rules of Procedure, Rule 3 — Service of Documents. tribunalsontario.ca
- TSL-75946-16 (Re), 2016 CanLII 71242 (ON LTB). canlii.ca/t/gx76v
- TEL-23178 (Re), 2009 CanLII 51176 (ON LTB). canlii.ca/t/25tqh
- LTB Brochure — How to Serve a Landlord or Tenant with Documents. tribunalsontario.ca
- Riverview Legal Group — Service of Notice (LTB) - Registered Mail. riverview.legal
- Riverview Legal Group — Service of Documents (LTB). riverview.legal
本文档仅供信息参考，不构成法律建议。具体案件请咨询持牌 paralegal 或律师。
This document is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Consult a licensed paralegal or lawyer for specific cases.
